Human Rights in Hong Kong

Human Rights in Hong Kong

On June 30, 2020, the Chinese government imposed the draconian National Security Law on Hong Kong. "Incitement to subvert state power" and "failure to provide information in compliance with a notice requirement" are offenses stipulated under Articles 23 and 43 of the relevant legislation. The definitions of these offenses are often overly broad and vague. The term "subversion" criminalizes any act that seriously "interferes," "impedes," or "undermines" the operations of the Chinese or Hong Kong governments, a definition that easily encompasses peaceful protests. These charges are part of Beijing's escalating campaign against the Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China.
JRF / International Solidarity

Hong Kong Human Rights
Taiwan and Hong Kong Stand Shoulder to Shoulder in Defending Freedom

In 2019, the anti-extradition bill movement broke out in Hong Kong, with millions of citizens taking to the streets to oppose the "extradition bill"; in 2020, Beijing forcefully implemented the National Security Law, leading to the rapid collapse of Hong Kong's rule of law and freedom. The Judicial Reform Foundation has long monitored the human rights situation in Hong Kong, resisting authoritarian encroachment alongside Hong Kong society through joint statements, legal support, cultural networking, and advocacy campaigns.

The authorities in Hong Kong and China should not be allowed to ban commemorations, shut down museums, and imprison peaceful critics without consequence. While governments around the world are shocked by the rapidly deteriorating human rights situation in Hong Kong, they must make their opposition felt by the world.

——Joint Statement by 62 Hong Kong and International Human Rights Organizations (September 2021)

Why Must We Pay Attention to Hong Kong Human Rights?

Hong Kong has long been regarded as a symbol of freedom and the rule of law in Asia, enjoying an independent judiciary, freedom of the press, and the right of assembly. However, since 2019, the situation has taken a sharp turn for the worse—the extradition bill crisis, the implementation of the Hong Kong National Security Law, and the formal enactment of Article 23 of the Basic Law have progressively squeezed the space of Hong Kong's civil society, plunging the people of Hong Kong into an unprecedented human rights crisis.

As a democratic partner, Taiwan shares geographical proximity and cultural ties with Hong Kong. The Judicial Reform Foundation believes that defending human rights in Hong Kong is not only upholding universal human rights values, but also safeguarding Taiwan's own democracy. Only through mutual solidarity among democratic societies can authoritarian expansion be made to pay a price.

Three Core Pillars of Our Work

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Legal Support and Advocacy

The Judicial Reform Foundation spoke out actively at the onset of the anti-extradition movement. In June 2019, we joined civil society groups in issuing the "Four Calls for Pragmatically Responding to the 'Extradition Bill'" to the Mainland Affairs Council, demanding that the Taiwanese government establish a clear asylum mechanism. In October of the same year, we formed the "Taiwan Volunteer Lawyers Group for Supporting Hong Kong Protestors" to provide legal consultation services for Hongkongers coming to Taiwan, making us one of the earliest civic organizations in Taiwan to respond to the legal needs of Hongkongers.

In 2021, the JRF joined 62 international human rights organizations in signing a petition demanding that the Hong Kong government drop the prosecutions against members of the Hong Kong Alliance. Since then, we have continued to sign international statements focusing on issues such as the judicial prosecution of human rights lawyers like Ch'ow Sing-t'ong (Chow Hang-tung) and the suppression of the families of exiled individuals.

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Critiquing Draconian National Security Laws and Documenting the Demise of the Rule of Law

Following the implementation of the National Security Law in 2020, the JRF has continuously documented and analyzed the qualitative changes in Hong Kong's judicial system. Research outcomes include: an analysis of the application of the bail system under the operation of the National Security Law, an in-depth evaluation of the 28-year implementation of the Basic Law, and an exposure of the substantial dismantling of "One Country, Two Systems" through the concept of "comprehensive jurisdiction."

Following the formal implementation of Article 23 of the Basic Law in 2024, the JRF held multiple press conferences and street actions around its first anniversary, featuring firsthand statements from lawyers to thoroughly analyze the concrete impact of the provisions on the freedoms of the people of Hong Kong, while persistently calling on the international community to confront the crisis of the rule of law in Hong Kong.

The Dangers of the Hong Kong National Security Law: The term "subversion" criminalizes any act that seriously "interferes," "impedes," or "undermines" the operation of the government, with definitions that are overly broad, making it extremely easy for peaceful protests to be encompassed. Combined with the provisions granting authorities sweeping powers to deny bail, it has essentially become a tool to suppress dissent.

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Cultural Networking and Social Education

The JRF believes that sustained attention must be maintained through cultural memory. Since 2022, the JRF has co-organized multiple Hong Kong photography exhibitions and documentary screenings, including "Era Revolution" (Kao Chung-ming Photography Exhibition), "REST," and the Taiwan premiere of the Ch'ow Sing-t'ong documentary "She's in Jail," allowing Taiwanese society to continuously witness the plight of the people of Hong Kong.

In June 2024, the JRF participated in the "Hong Kong Freedom June" Taipei March to show solidarity with Hong Kong political prisoners who remain imprisoned; in 2025, we held the "Walk Together: Harmony and Bravery" forum, inviting Taiwanese and Hong Kong activists to share their on-the-ground protest experiences and foster in-depth exchanges between the civil societies of both places.

Key Advocacy Milestones

2019

Anti-Extradition Bill Movement: Frontline Solidarity from Taiwanese Society

In June 2019, large-scale protest waves against the amendments to the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance broke out in Hong Kong. The Judicial Reform Foundation issued a statement at the very beginning of the movement, joining Taiwanese civil groups in putting forward four calls to the Mainland Affairs Council to demand the formulation of a clear asylum mechanism for Hongkongers; that same month, we mobilized Taiwanese NGOs to form human-shaped characters to show solidarity with the protests of the people of Hong Kong.

In October, the JRF formed the "Taiwan Volunteer Lawyers Group for Supporting Hong Kong Protestors" to provide legal consultations for Hongkongers arriving in Taiwan. In November, we held a joint press conference regarding the police encirclement and suppression of demonstrators at the Chinese University of Hong Kong/Hong Kong Polytechnic University, strongly condemning the violent crackdown by the Hong Kong government while calling on the Taiwanese government to elevate its diplomatic response level. In addition, partners in central Taiwan concurrently held solidarity events, demonstrating ties across various regions of Taiwan.

2020

Hong Kong National Security Law: The End of Hong Kong's Autonomy and Taiwan's Active Response

In May 2020, Beijing announced its intention to impose the National Security Law on Hong Kong. The JRF issued a joint statement with civic groups, emphasizing that the Hong Kong National Security Law put an end to Hong Kong's autonomy and calling on Taiwan to implement an asylum mechanism for Hongkongers. After the National Security Law officially took effect on June 30, the JRF continued to track the application of its provisions and published legal analyses, including an in-depth study on how the "bail system" in Hong Kong under the National Security Law was hollowed out.

In November of the same year, the JRF joined other international democratic camps in solidarity, jointly responding to the "Hong Kong Kaohsiung (Formosa) Incident" and pointing out that systemic political persecution in Hong Kong cannot continue under the silence of the international community. At the end of the year, we issued a statement regarding China's secret trial of 12 Hongkongers, demanding that the Taiwanese government upgrade its policies to aid Hong Kong.

2021

Forced Dissolution of the Hong Kong Alliance: Comprehensive Suppression of June 4 Commemorations

The year 2021 marked the most drastic period of the systematic dismantling of Hong Kong's civil society. Police banned the Victoria Park candlelight vigil, raided the "June 4th Museum," arrested leaders of the Hong Kong Alliance, and ultimately forced the Alliance to announce its dissolution. The JRF participated in a joint statement by 62 Hong Kong and international human rights organizations, demanding that the Hong Kong government immediately drop the charges of "incitement to subvert state power" against members of the Hong Kong Alliance and impose targeted sanctions on relevant officials.

That same year, the JRF also joined domestic and international organizations in issuing statements regarding the Hong Kong government's prosecution of human rights lawyer Ch'ow Sing-t'ong and six others under the "offense of failing to comply with a notice requirement to provide information," emphasizing that this constituted a severe violation of the freedoms of speech, association, and peaceful assembly.

2022–2023

Preservation of Cultural Memory: Photography Exhibitions and Documentaries

At a time when local freedom spaces in Hong Kong were being squeezed, Taiwan became an important base for preserving the historical memory of Hong Kong. In 2022, the JRF co-organized Hong Kong photographer Kao Chung-ming's "Era Revolution" photography exhibition, documenting the 2019 protest scenes through images; that same year, we also launched a petition concerning "British publishers revoking global censorship of songs of democracy" to resist cross-border speech censorship.

From 2023 to 2024, the "REST" Kao Chung-ming photography exhibition was exhibited in Taiwan, with a series of forums and viewing events generating widespread resonance. The Ch'ow Sing-t'ong documentary "She's in Jail" was screened in Taiwan, with over 300 participants within a week, demonstrating Taiwanese society's continuous concern for the plight of Hong Kong political prisoners. The JRF also held forums such as "Memory, Trauma, and Rebirth: How to Read Post-2019 Fictional Works" and "Image Observations Through the Lens: From Taiwan's Martial Law Era to Hong Kong's Anti-Extradition Movement," deepening dialogue on Taiwanese and Hong Kong history.

2024–2025

Formal Enactment of Article 23 of the Basic Law: A New Round of Suppression

In March 2024, Article 23 of the Basic Law completed its legislation, adding another layer of legal shackles to Hong Kong alongside the National Security Law. The JRF spoke out actively around the first anniversary of the implementation of Article 23 (March 2025): holding press conferences, having lawyers speak firsthand to dissect the impact of the provisions, and participating in street actions. Attorneys Li Ming-ju and Chang Ching-ju successively published analyses on the legal impacts of Article 23, providing an in-depth legal perspective for Taiwanese society.

In June of the same year, JRF representatives participated in the "Hong Kong Freedom June 2024 Taipei March" under the theme "Defending Democracy, Taiwan and Hong Kong Walk Together," continuing to speak out for Hong Kong political prisoners. In May 2025, the JRF issued another joint statement regarding the Hong Kong government's suppression targeting the families of exiled individuals, showing that transnational repression has become a new wave of systemic human rights violations.

2025–2026

Preventing Transnational Repression and Resisting New Draconian Laws: Taiwan's Human Rights Defense Line

As exiled Hongkongers continue to face harassment and suppression in various locations, "transnational repression" has become a realistic threat that Taiwanese society must confront. In 2025, the JRF joined other human rights groups to conduct in-depth research on legal gaps in Taiwan regarding the protection of Hongkongers in Taiwan; in February 2026, we officially held the press conference "Preventing Transnational Repression: Immediately Establish Protective Mechanisms," demanding that the Taiwanese government promptly establish clear protective response mechanisms, including grievance procedures, risk assessments, and emergency response plans.

In July 2026, China officially implemented the "Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress," "codifying" political purge methods into law and attempting to unilaterally "identify Taiwanese people as Chinese" through these provisions, imposing a legal obligation to "maintain unification," thereby exposing advocates of Taiwanese sovereignty to the risk of being held accountable. The JRF made a solemn statement on this matter, calling on the Taiwanese government to swiftly establish a legalized "refugee asylum system" rather than stopping at ad-hoc rescue projects, allowing Taiwan to truly become a human rights safe haven resisting authoritarian expansion.

Related Articles and Materials

Stay Tuned | Walk Together with Hong Kong

The road to freedom for Hong Kong is not yet finished. Please continue to follow the latest developments and support the JRF's human rights work for Hong Kong.

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Last Edited: July 21, 2026
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