Human Rights Conventions
What are Human Rights Covenants?
International human rights covenants are human rights standards formulated by the United Nations, signed by governments worldwide, and committed to observance. Although Taiwan is not a UN member state, it has domesticized and implemented several core human rights covenants through domestic laws since 2009, and regularly undergoes reviews by international experts to evaluate the government's practical effectiveness in protecting people's fundamental rights.
Through participating in civil society's parallel reporting mechanism, JRF presents human rights issues in areas such as criminal justice, the death penalty, torture, and the treatment of persons with disabilities from an independent civil society perspective, while proposing concrete recommendations for improvement to the government.
Key Human Rights Covenants Implemented in Taiwan
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Commonly referred to as the "Two Covenants", implemented in 2009. They cover core issues such as personal liberty, fair trial, freedom of expression, the right to life, and the abolition of the death penalty, and are subject to regular international expert review.
and its Optional Protocol
Prohibits subjecting anyone to torture or inhuman treatment. Taiwan has yet to complete the legislative enactment of its implementation act; JRF continues to advocate for its immediate passage and the establishment of a National Preventive Mechanism against torture.
Implemented in 2014. Safeguards the equal participation and independent living rights of persons with disabilities. JRF focuses on the treatment and disposition of persons with psychosocial disabilities in the criminal justice system.
Implemented in 2014. Protects the best interests of children and youths alongside their fundamental rights. JRF advocates and makes recommendations on juvenile justice and child protection issues.
JRF's Work in the Field of Human Rights Covenants
Uniting multiple civil society organizations to submit independent parallel reports to international review committees regarding criminal justice, the death penalty, torture, prisoner treatment, and other issues.
Dispatching representatives to international review sessions for the Two Covenants, CRPD, and others to directly present civil society perspectives to committee experts and address shortcomings in government reports.
Pushing for the prompt legislation of the Implementation Act of the Convention against Torture, demanding a halt to executions, and urging the government to implement concrete recommendations from the covenants' concluding observations.
Cooperating with Amnesty International, UN Special Rapporteurs, and human rights organizations across Asia to jointly promote regional human rights progress and show solidarity with persecuted individuals.
Key Issues We Continuously Monitor
- Abolition of the Death Penalty and Suspension of Executions: The death penalty is the most severe deprivation of the right to life. JRF urges the government to suspend executions and establish a clear timeline for the abolition of the death penalty, rather than using "public opinion" as an excuse for prevarication.
- Ending Torture: On June 26th each year, the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture, JRF unites with human rights organizations to continuously advocate for the passage of the Implementation Act of the Convention against Torture, ensuring that victims obtain effective remedies and perpetrators are held accountable.
- Fair Trial and Personal Liberty: The due process of arrest procedures, the principle of non-publicity of investigations, the protection of the right to counsel, and wrongful conviction rescue are all directly related to the core obligations under Articles 9 and 14 of the ICCPR.
- Persons with Disabilities in Criminal Justice: Persons with psychosocial disabilities often lack adequate protection during investigation, trial, and execution within correctional institutions. JRF monitors the constitutionality and CRPD compliance of the system of custody and medical treatment (monitoring disposition).
- Indigenous Human Rights: Focusing on indigenous cultural identity (single-name registration), the criminal prosecution of traditional hunting rights, and the realization of cultural rights for minority groups under Article 27 of the Two Covenants.
- Trend Toward Penal Extremism: Opposing the Legislative Yuan's populist practice of continuously increasing statutory penalties. Criminal policy should return to an empirical basis to avoid over-criminalization exacerbating the misallocation of judicial resources and the burden on correctional institution populations.
Timeline of International Reviews on the Two Covenants
⚖️ Implementation Act of the Convention against Torture – Still Awaiting Passage
The draft implementation acts for the Convention against Torture (CAT) and its Optional Protocol (OPCAT) were submitted by the Executive Yuan to the Legislative Yuan in 2018 and 2020 respectively, but have yet to complete review. Taiwan is currently one of the few democracies that has implemented multiple international human rights covenants yet has not implemented CAT. JRF continues to unite with civil society human rights organizations to demand that the Legislative Yuan pass the legislation swiftly and establish a National Preventive Mechanism (NPM).
Learn More, and Advance Human Rights Together
Read JRF's parallel reports, press releases, and commentary articles to understand how we promote judicial human rights reform through covenant mechanisms.
2025
Statement | Sluggish Human Rights Protection, Frustrated Democratic Constitutionalism: Press Conference and Public Forum on the Parallel Report for the Fourth International Review of the Two Covenants
This report was jointly compiled by multiple civil society organizations long dedicated to frontline human rights work.…
2025
Press Release | Judicial Reform Stagnant: Civil Society Groups Propose Criminal Human Rights Reforms
This month marks the opening of the new legislative session of the Legislative Yuan, the fourth session since President…
2025
Joint Statement｜The Ministry of Justice's Human Rights Retrogression: How Will It Face the International Review of the Two Covenants Next Year?
On March 24, 2025, the DPP government announced a draft of the Regulations on the Execution of the Death Penalty,…
2025
Condemns Taiwan’s New Execution Rule as Regressive and Inhumane
17 April 2025, Taipei — On March 24, 2025, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) government announced a draft…
2024
Lü Cheng-yen's Remarks | Covenants at 40, Zero Torture: Immediately Pass the Enforcement Act of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and Its Optional Protocol
2024
Civil Society Organizations Press Conference | Convention Zero, Zero Torture: Immediately Pass the Enforcement Act of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and Its Optional Protocol
This morning (June 26), seven civil society organizations including the Covenants Watch, alongside victims of human…
2024
Joint Statement｜Welcoming the Amendment to the Name Act, but Attention Should Be Paid to the Right to Solely Register Indigenous Traditional Names—Joint Statement by Civil Organizations on the "Amendment to the Name Act"
2024
Statement | What Was Handcuffed Along with the Social Worker Was Our Human Rights: Uphold the Rule of Law and Eradicate the Systemic Incentives for Police Violations!
In response to the public outcry over the handcuffing of a social worker on March 12, the Judicial Reform Foundation…
2024
Press Release | "When Human Rights Conventions Fail to Pass, When Will Police Violence End?" Press Conference
In recent times, inappropriate enforcement and violent incidents by Taiwanese police have occurred endlessly. In…
2024
Allowing Single-Listing of Indigenous Names on National ID Cards: The Ministry of the Interior Must Not Become an Accomplice to Discrimination! Joint Statement by Civil Society Organizations Regarding the Lawsuit on Single-Listing of Indigenous Names
On January 11, 2024, the verdict was handed down in the "Single-Listing of Indigenous Names Lawsuit" filed by the "Call…
2023
Joint Civil Society International Press Conference | End Torture and Immediately Pass the Enforcement Act of the Convention Against Torture
This morning (June 26), human rights organizations including the Covenants Watch, alongside Amnesty International…
2022
Joint Press Conference | Post-Review Civil Society Press Conference for the 2022 CRPD Second International Review
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the international review of the second national report under the CRPD officially…